Many people have allergies. Anaphylaxis is a life threatening emergency that requires swift action by medical professionals to cure. Anaphylaxis will cause the following:

• Wheezing (due to constriction of the airway)

• Swelling of the airway

• Hives/flushed 

• Dizziness 

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: Tachycardia - greater than 100 bpm

Respiratory Rate: tachypneic - Greater than 20 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - lower than 95%

Blood Pressure: hypotensive - lower than 90/60

Treatment for Anaphylaxis is the use of epinephrine, typically in the form of an auto-injector via an EpiPen.

Additional Resources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anaphylaxis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351468 

Diabetes is increasingly common, especially within the US. Diabetics have issues controlling their blood sugar levels. Typically, diabetics will need to take insulin, a product in the body that breaks down sugars, in order to stay within normal limits. This medication can be extremely dangerous if it's taken in excess or is not followed by food after eating. This can cause the blood sugar levels in the body to drop significantly, going from minor disorientation all the way up to unresponsive and not breathing. Common signs of mild-moderate hypoglycemia is:

• Shakiness

• Pale skin

• Fatigue (tiredness)

• Dizziness

• Diaphoresis (sweating) 

• Difficulty concentrating 

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: Tachycardia (fast heart rate, above 100)

Respiratory rate: Normal or mildly bradypneic (slow respirations, less than 12)

Oxygen Saturation: Normal (above 95%)

Blood Pressure: Normal or mildly hypotensive (low blood pressure below 100/70)

For more sever hypoglycemia, some common signs and symptoms are:

• Slurred speech

• Unresponsiveness 

• Blurry Vision

• Seizures 

Vital Signs:

Heart Rate: Bradycardic (slow heart rate, below 60)

Respiratory Rate: Bradypneic (slow respirations, below 10)

Oxygen Saturation: Hypoxic (low oxygen saturation, below 90%)

Blood Pressure: Hypotensive (low blood pressure, below 100/70)

Additional Resources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685 

Diabetes is increasingly common, especially within the US. Diabetics have issues controlling their blood sugar levels. Hyperglycemia is the event in which a blood glucose level has become higher than normal. Normal causes of hyperglycemia may include stress, illness, eating too much, a lack of exercise, dehydration, missing a dose of diabetes medication used to lower blood pressure.

Signs/Symptoms:

• Increased thirst

• Dry mouth

• Fatigue (Tiredness)

• Blurred Vision

• Pale & Clammy Skin

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: Tachycardia (fast heart rate, above 100)

Respiratory rate: Normal or mildly tachypneic (high respirations, greater than 20)

Oxygen Saturation: Normal (above 95%)

Blood Pressure: Normal or mildly hypertensive (high blood pressure above 130/90)

Additional Resources:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685

In the United States, someone has a heart attack every 40 seconds. Heart attacks are a very common cardiac medical emergency that require immediate treatment. Heart attacks occur fatty, cholesterol-containing deposits build up over time, forming plaques in the heart's arteries. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form. This blood clot can block oxygenated blood to the rest of the heart, leading to a heart attack.

Signs/Symptoms:

• chest pain

• pain that radiates into left arm and jaw

• dizziness or lightheadness

• shortness of breath

• Nausea  

• cool, clammy, and pale skin 

VITAL SIGNS:

Heart rate: tachycardic, usually between 110-120bpm

Respiratory Rate: Normal or slightly elevated - 22-25 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: Normal

Blood Pressure: Normal or slightly elevated - above 120/80

Identification of heart attacks are very crucial to the treatment process. A heart attack can be identified by a medical provider by using a EKG which shows electrical activity in the heart. There would be an abnormal elevation of the wave called the ST wave. 

More information about heart attacks can be found here: 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20373106

When your heart beats abnormally, it is known as an arrhythmia. This occurs when the electrical signals that coordinate your heart beats don't work properly. There are so many different types of arrhythmias which will be listed below.

• Tachycardia: Normal rhythm, beats too fast (Greater than 100bpm)

• Bradycardia: Normal rhythm, beats too slow (Less than 60bpm)

• Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)

• Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

• Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib)

• Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)

These rhythms can be identified on a test done by a EMS provider known as a electrocardiogram (EKG) which shows the electrical activity in the heart.

Link for description for each: 

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-arrhythmia/symptoms-causes/syc-20350668

Asthma is a common chronic medical condition that affects your lungs. Mucus builds up causing narrowing and swelling of the airway which can lead to difficulty breathing. Asthma can interfere with daily activities and can be triggered by different things. It is usually managed by a rescue inhaler, which should be carried at all times by someone with asthma. 

Signs/Symptoms:

• difficulty breathing

• coughing or wheezing 

• fast breathing

• shortness of breath

• chest pressure

• fast heart rate 

VITAL SIGNS:

Heart rate: tachycardic - Greater than 120bpm

Respiratory Rate: tachypneic - Greater than 20 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Lower than 90%

Blood Pressure: hypertensive - Greater than 120/80

For more information, use the link below:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/asthma/symptoms-causes/syc-20369653

A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when a blod clot blocks a blood vessel in the brain leading to the brain to not have full blood supply. If not treated immediately, it can lead to brain damage, disability, and even death. This is why it's important to know the signs of a stroke. 

Signs/Symptoms:

• facial drooping on one side

• arm weakness on one side (arm would fall when trying to raise)

• slurred speech

• mental confusion

• headache

• paralysis on one side of the body

VITAL SIGNS:

Heart rate: tachycardic - Greater than 100bpm

Respiratory Rate: bradypneic - Less than 12 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Less than 92%

Blood Pressure: hypertensive -  Greater than 120/80

For more information, use the site listed below:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20350113

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain causing involuntary movements. A person can be diagnosed with epilepsy, which is when the seizures are reoccuring. There can be different triggers to seizures such as: high fever, abnormal glucose levels, alcohol, use of certain medications, etc. 

Signs of a seizure about to occur are:

• confusion

• staring spells

• loss of consciousness or awareness

Seizure Symptoms:

• uncontrollable movements of arms and legs

• loss of consciousness and awareness

After Seizure: 

• Fatigue

• confusion

Vital Signs After Seizure:

Heart rate: tachycardic - Greater than 100 bpm

Respiratory Rate: tachypneic - Greater than 20 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Less than 95%

Blood Pressure: hypertensive - Greater than 120/80

For more information, use the link provided below:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/seizure/symptoms-causes/syc-20365711#:~:text=A%20seizure%20is%20a%20sudden,generally%20considered%20to%20be%20epilepsy.

An overdose can occur when a person takes more of a substance than recommended. Usually it is too much of medications or illegal drugs. It can result in serious symptoms and even death depending on the amount taken and severity of reaction.

Signs/Symptoms:

• mental confusion

• loss of consciousness

• lack of responsiveness

• vomitting

• seizures

• pale, blue, and clammy skin

• pinpoint pupils

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: bradycardic - less than 60bpm or loss of pulse (cardiac arrest)

Respiratory Rate: bradypneic - less than 12 breaths per minute or loss of respiratory rate 

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Less than 95%

Blood Pressure: hypotensive - less than 90/60

For more info, a link is provided below.

https://americanaddictioncenters.org/overdose

A normal body temperature is between 97* F to 99* F. When a persons temperature is under 97*, it is considered hypothermia. This occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat. When this occurs, if it is low enough, it can be very dangerous. It can be caused by inappropriate clothing in cold weather, falling into cold water, staying out on the cold too long, etc. This can cause the bodys nervous system (such as brain) or heart to not be able to work properly. 

Signs/Symptoms:

• Shivering

• Slurred Speech

• confusion

• drowsiness

• loss of consciousness

• skin cold to touch, pale or red skin

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: tachycardic - Less than 60bpm

Respiratory Rate: bradypneic - Less than 12 breaths per minute

Oxygen Saturation: hypoxic - Less than 95%

Blood Pressure: hypotensive - Less than 90/60

For more info on hypothermia, a link is provided below.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothermia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352682#:~:text=Hypothermia%20is%20a%20medical%20emergency,95%20F%20(35%20C).

A lot of people experience the flu or head cold occasionally. However, when people with the sickness experience complications, it can be a serious issues. People may experience dehydration, severe fever, or just severe weakness. This may cause people to use emergency services to recieve care from the hospital. If you are interested in creating a call for a general sickness, you can recieve information about it by just looking it up! Some common ones are pneumonia, flu, Strep, and much more!

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a common illness that occurs when natural gas leaks into the air and it is inhaled for an extended period of time. This causes the body to replace oxygen in your red blood cells with carbon monoxide in the blood which can lead to serious illness.

Symptoms:

• headache

• weakness

• confusion

• nausea/vomiting

• dizziness

Vital Signs:

Heart rate: higher than 100bpm

Blood Pressure: lower than 90/60

Oxygen Saturation: 95-100% because the carbon monoxide takes place of the oxygen making the reading seem normal.

Respiratory Rate: higher than 20 breaths per minute

For more information, a link is provided below.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carbon-monoxide/symptoms-causes/syc-20370642